Overview

Wholesale tokenized payments use tokenized central bank reserves and commercial bank tokenized-deposits on shared ledgers for institutional cross-border settlement — distinct from retail stablecoin rails.

Timeline

Key Players

  • bis
  • project-agora
  • Major banks (JPMorgan, Citi, UBS, Deutsche Bank, Standard Chartered)

Analysis

Prototype proves atomic multi-currency settlement; production still needs RTGS integration and governance. Contrast with circle/usdc retail-regulated stablecoin path.