Nature paper July 8, 2026 documents first in vivo humanoid robot surgeries. UC San Diego collaboration between engineers and surgeons. Gallbladder removal by human-robot and robot-robot teams on large nonprimate mammals. Surgie humanoids 1.5m tall, 27kg. Compact form factor useful for remote and under-resourced areas. Recalibration needed during procedures. Authors: Liang, Thareja, Yip, Liu et al. DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10796-x.